zh-cnGoodspeed Rss3Tue, 02 Dec 2008 14:40:16 GMTTue, 29 Jul 2008 19:48:35 GMThttp://blog.cechinamag.com/yangxiaolei/111814/message.aspx<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US">[</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">摘</span> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">要</span><span lang="EN-US">]</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">本文介绍了如何利用</span><span lang="EN-US">EDA</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">技术进行《电子线路》实验的基本方法，并通过实例来说明</span><span lang="EN-US">EDA</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">技术在电子线路教学中的重要性。</span><span lang="EN-US"> <br></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　</span><span lang="EN-US">[</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">关键词</span><span lang="EN-US">]EDA </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">电子线路</span> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">仿真</span><span lang="EN-US"> <br></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　</span><span lang="EN-US"> <br></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　《电子线路》是电子电工专业的一门专业基础课程，对其掌握的熟练程度直接影响到后续专业课程的学习，如《电子测量》、《电视机原理》等。要学</span> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">好《电子线路》这门课，就必须进行大量的实验，在实验中体会课堂上的理论知识，从实验结果中总结和掌握知识。然而，现在许多职校实验器材的缺乏和设备的陈</span> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">旧已远远跟不上学生学习需求。随着计算机的普及应用和电子技术的发展，利用电路设计和仿真的</span><span lang="EN-US">EDA</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">工具软件</span><span lang="EN-US">Multisim7</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">在计算机上方便、安全地进行</span> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">电子线路的模拟试验和电路设计，作为课堂教学的补充可取得非常好的教学效果。</span><span lang="EN-US">EDA</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">技术在教学中的应用，不但可以使学生对所学电路有了一定的感性认识，而</span> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">且还能掌握各种仪器的使用，把理论与实践紧密地结合在一起。因此利用</span><span lang="EN-US">EDA</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">仿真技术具备了使学生进行大量实验的条件，也是《电子线路》教学发展的方向。</span><span lang="EN-US"> <br></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　</span><span lang="EN-US"> <br></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　（一）</span><span lang="EN-US">Multisim7</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">软件的简介</span><span lang="EN-US"> <br></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　</span><span lang="EN-US"> <br></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　目前，</span><span lang="EN-US">EDA</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">技术是许多职业学校电类专业教学中不可缺少的一项技术，掌握</span><span lang="EN-US">EDA</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">技术也是电类专业学就业的基本条件之一。常用于电子线路仿真和</span> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">设计的</span><span lang="EN-US">EDA</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">工具软件</span><span lang="EN-US">Multisim7</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">以其独特的功能特点深受广大电路设计者和学习者的喜爱。它把整个学习和实验过程都搬到了虚拟实验室中进行，能够使</span> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">实验电路，仪器以及实验结果等一起直观地展现在学生面前，另外对电路参数调整也极其方便。因此</span><span lang="EN-US">Multisim7</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">在职业学校中得到了非常广泛的应用。其主</span> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">要功能特点有：</span><span lang="EN-US"> <br></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　</span><span lang="EN-US">1.</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">具有丰富的元件库和类型齐全的测试仪器。</span><span lang="EN-US"> <br></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　</span><span lang="EN-US">Multisim7</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">提供了近万种电路元件，其中包括基本元件库（如电阻，电容等）、晶体管库、模拟元件库、电源库、集成电路、基本显示器件</span> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">库、数字模拟混合库和其他元器件库等，并且还可以根据需要通过元件编辑器扩充已有的元器件库。</span><span lang="EN-US">Multisim7</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">提供了一系列虚拟测试仪器，包括常用仪器</span> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">如万用表、功率表、多踪示波器、信号发生器、数字万用表、频率计数器等，以及一般实验室中不可多得的各种专用高档仪器如逻辑分析仪、网络分析仪、频谱分析</span> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">仪等。这些仪表的使用和读数与真实的仪表相当，仿佛就像在实验室中使用仪器一样，并能仿真到最真实的结果。</span><span lang="EN-US"> <br></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　</span><span lang="EN-US">2.</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">具有直观的图形界面和高效的仿真设备。</span><span lang="EN-US"> <br></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　应用</span><span lang="EN-US">Multisim7</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">软件进行仿真教学的操作简单、易学。它具有更加形象直观的人机交互界面，各类元器件和测试仪器均可直接从屏幕上选取，</span> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">各种元器件能够通过键盘随时更改，仪器的控制面板和操作方式都与实物相似，可以实时显示测量结果。在电子电工实验中，经常会碰到由于实验器材出现故障而导</span> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">致实验无法进行或所得测量数据不准确，耗费了不必要的时间和精力，失去了实验的意义。利用</span><span lang="EN-US">Multisim7</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">支持的</span><span lang="EN-US">Spice</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</span><span lang="EN-US">VHDL</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</span><span lang="EN-US">Verilog </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">仿真，以及任何这几种仿真的混合进行实验时，只要连接电路正确，学生几乎能够</span><span lang="EN-US">100%</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">地快速、安全仿真和验证各种实验，从而提高了实验效率。</span><span lang="EN-US"> <br></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　</span><span lang="EN-US">3.</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">具有强大分析和设计电路的功能。</span><span lang="EN-US"> <br></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　</span><span lang="EN-US">Multisim7</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">提供了详细的电路分析方法，不仅可以完成电路的直流静态工作点分析、交流分析、瞬态分析、温度扫描分析、时域和频域分析、</span> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">电路噪声分析和参数扫描分析等常用分析方法，而且还提供了傅里叶分析、交直流灵敏度分析等高级分析方法来帮助设计人员分析电路性能，大大缩短分析时间。电</span> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">子设计是人们进行电子产品设计、开发、和制造过程中十分关键的一步，其核心就是电子电路的设计。</span><span lang="EN-US">Multisim7</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">是一种自上而下的设计方法，设计者只要</span> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">确定系统设计、功能划分和行为描述外，其余都有计算机自动完成，加快了产品开发的速度，提高了设计人员的工作效率。</span><span lang="EN-US"> <br></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　</span><span lang="EN-US">4.</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">具有与</span><span lang="EN-US">PCB</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">设计软件有良好的衔接功能。</span><span lang="EN-US"> <br></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　电子设计工具平台</span><span lang="EN-US">Electronics Workbench</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">主要包括</span><span lang="EN-US">Multisim</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">和</span><span lang="EN-US">Ultiboard</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">两个基本工具模块，</span><span lang="EN-US">Multisim7</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">可以把自己创建的电路原理图文件输出给</span><span lang="EN-US"> Ultiboard</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">系统进行印刷电路板的自动化设计。近年来出现了许多电路设计工具软件，如</span><span lang="EN-US">Protel </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">就是较为突出的一种</span><span lang="EN-US">PCB</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">软件，</span><span lang="EN-US">Multisim7</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">可以和此软件进行良好衔接，从而设计出高性能的多层电路板，并且能够迅速的把设计电路转化成实际产品。</span><span lang="EN-US"> Multisim7</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">还能将仿真结果输出到</span><span lang="EN-US">MathCAD</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">和</span><span lang="EN-US">Exclel</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">电子表格等应用程序当中去。</span><span lang="EN-US"> <br></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　</span><span lang="EN-US"> <br></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　（二）电子线路中</span><span lang="EN-US">EDA</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">技术的应用举例</span><span lang="EN-US"> <br></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　</span><span lang="EN-US"> <br></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　射极输出器是电子线路中用途最广泛的电路之一，在学生通过射极输出器仿真实验之后，更能体会到射极输出器电路结构和特点。</span><span lang="EN-US"> <br></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　</span><span lang="EN-US">1.</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">分析射极输出器电压跟随性。</span><span lang="EN-US"> <br></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　仿真实验图如图</span><span lang="EN-US">1</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">设置信号源为</span><span lang="EN-US">1kHz</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，</span><span lang="EN-US">100mV</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的正弦波，万用表为电压档。运行仿真，调整</span><span lang="EN-US">Rp</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，观察万用表中三极管发射极电位变化，依次</span> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">调节</span><span lang="EN-US">Rp</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">百分比由</span><span lang="EN-US">80%</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">变化到</span><span lang="EN-US">0</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，记录发射极电压的值，对应填入表</span><span lang="EN-US">1</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">中。从表中数据得知当</span><span lang="EN-US">Rp</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的值变小，发射极电流变强，发射极电位略有上升，但跟基极电</span> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">位相差不大，具有电压跟随性。再对双踪示波器中输入、输出电压波形、读数情况进行分析，发现两者波形幅度相同，频率一致，并且是同相位，可以看出，测试结</span> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">果和理论总结具有良好的一致性。</span><span lang="EN-US"> <br></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　</span><span lang="EN-US"> <br></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　</span><span lang="EN-US">2</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">．稳定输出电压特性的分析。</span><span lang="EN-US"> <br></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　将负载电阻</span><span lang="EN-US">R2</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">接入时观察示波器的输出波形如图</span><span lang="EN-US">2</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，再将负载电阻</span><span lang="EN-US">R2</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">断开时观察示波器的输出波形如图</span><span lang="EN-US">3</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，从示波器演示中可以看出，无论</span><span lang="EN-US">R2</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">接</span> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">入还是断开，输出波形的幅度、频率和相位都没有发生变化，这种现象表明：射极跟随器当负载发生变化时具有稳定输出电压的特性。与此同时，可再一次加深负反</span> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">馈的概念，将理论和实践联系起来。</span><span lang="EN-US"> <br></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　</span><span lang="EN-US"> <br></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　</span><span lang="EN-US">3</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">．放大器输入、输出电阻的测量。</span><span lang="EN-US"> <br></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　（</span><span lang="EN-US">1</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）测量输入电阻</span><span lang="EN-US">ri</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">：</span> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">测量输入电阻的方法很多，通常用</span><span lang="EN-US">“</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">换算法</span><span lang="EN-US">”</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</span><span lang="EN-US">“</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">替代法</span><span lang="EN-US">”</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">等，这些测量方法较复杂，</span><span lang="EN-US">Multisim7</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">可以通过放大器等效电阻的定义如图</span><span lang="EN-US">4</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">进行测量，方法简单，理解容易。</span><span lang="EN-US"> <br></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　</span><span lang="EN-US"> <br></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　结论：得出测量结果与理论值相似，但方法更直接，易于理解和掌握。</span><span lang="EN-US"> <br></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　（</span><span lang="EN-US">2</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）测量输出电阻</span><span lang="EN-US">ro</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">：如图</span><span lang="EN-US"> 5</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">所示，用</span><span lang="EN-US">“</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">替代法</span><span lang="EN-US">”</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">计算</span><span lang="EN-US">ro</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的值。在负载电阻</span><span lang="EN-US">R2</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">接上试运行仿真，得到</span><span lang="EN-US">UO1</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">为</span><span lang="EN-US">69.784mV</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，断开</span><span lang="EN-US">R2</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">后运行仿真，得到</span><span lang="EN-US">UO2</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">值为</span><span lang="EN-US">70.237mV</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。</span><span lang="EN-US"> <br></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　经过理论公式计算，得到实际值与理论值相似。</span><span lang="EN-US"> <br></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　</span><span lang="EN-US"> <br></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　通过以上应用实例可见，</span><span lang="EN-US">Multisim7</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">是一个非常好的电子线路仿真软件，而且对电子线路课程中的实验都能应用。真正让学生体会到了仿真实</span> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">验的</span><span lang="EN-US">“</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">方便、快捷、安全</span><span lang="EN-US">” </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">和融会贯通的特点，很好地培养了学生的动手能力和综合分析能力，并且使教师的教学水平上了一个新的台阶。</span><span lang="EN-US"> <br></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　</span><span lang="EN-US"> <br></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　参考文献：</span><span lang="EN-US"> <br></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　</span><span lang="EN-US">[1]</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">李良荣，罗伟雄</span><span lang="EN-US">.</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">现代电子技术</span><span lang="EN-US">——</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">基于</span><span lang="EN-US">Multisim7[M].</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">北京：机械工业出版社，</span><span lang="EN-US">2004. <br></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　</span><span lang="EN-US">[2]</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">陈其纯</span><span lang="EN-US">.</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">电子线路</span><span lang="EN-US">[M].</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">北京：高等教育出版社，</span><span lang="EN-US">2001. <br></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　</span><span lang="EN-US"> <br></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　注：</span><span lang="EN-US">“</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">本文中所涉及到的图表、注解、公式等内容请以</span><span lang="EN-US">PDF</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">格式阅读原文。</span><span lang="EN-US">”</span></p>http://blog.cechinamag.com/yangxiaolei/111814/message.aspx 工业电器Wed, 23 Jul 2008 22:43:01 GMThttp://blog.cechinamag.com/yangxiaolei/110684/message.aspx<div class="bbs" _detail> <div class="bbs" _title><span class="float" _left><span>1、士兵问连长：作战时踩到地雷咋办？连长大为恼火：*，能咋办？踩坏了照价赔偿。</span></span></div> <div class="bbs" _title><span class="float" _left><span>2、很久墨收到你的信息 俺很心疼 俺想到死 曾用薯片割过脉 用豆腐撞过头 用降落伞跳过楼 用面条上过吊 可都墨死成 你就请俺吃顿饭 撑死俺算了</span></span></div> <div class="bbs" _title><span class="float" _left><span>3、如果感到心里挖凉挖凉的，请拨打俺的电话！谈感情请按1，谈工作请按2，谈人生请按3，给俺介绍对象请按5，请俺吃饭请直说，找俺借钱请挂机。</span></span></div> <div class="bbs" _title><span class="float" _left><span>4、长颈鹿嫁给了猴子，一年后长颈鹿提出离婚：我再也不要过这种上蹿下跳的日子了！猴子大怒：离就离！谁见过亲个嘴还得爬树的！</span></span></div> <div class="bbs" _title><span class="float" _left><span>5、鱼说：“我时时刻刻把眼睁开是为了在你身边不舍离开。”水说：“我终日流淌不知疲倦是为了围绕你，好好把你抱紧。”锅说：“都**快熟了还这么多废话。”</span></span></div> <div class="bbs" _title><span class="float" _left><span>6、吃饭了吗？请接收短信。大象把大便排在路中央，一只蚂蚁正好路过，它抬头望了望那云雾缭绕的顶峰，不禁唱到：呀啦索，这就是青藏高原！~~~~&nbsp;</span></span></div> <div class="bbs" _title><span class="float" _left><span>7、你都长大了，有些事应该让你知道了：天，是用来刮风下雨的；地，是用来长花长草的；我，是用来证明人类是多伟大的；你是用来炖粉条的。</span></span></div> <div class="bbs" _title><span class="float" _left><span>8、在铁路旁大号却没带纸时，别着急，火车会提醒你：裤擦，裤擦，裤裤擦！在河边上大号却没带纸时，别着急，青蛙会告诉你：棍刮，棍刮，棍棍刮！</span></span></div> <div class="bbs" _title><span class="float" _left><span>9、钱可以买房子但买不到家，能买到婚姻但买不到爱，可以买到钟表但买不到时间，钱不是一切，反而是痛苦的根源，把你的钱给我，让我一个人承担痛苦吧！</span></span></div> <div class="bbs" _title><span class="float" _left><span>10、老天，太蓝！大海，太咸！人生，太难！工作，太烦！和你，有缘！想你，失眠！见你，太远！唉，这可让我怎么办？想你想得我吃不下筷子，咽不下碗！</span></span></div></div>http://blog.cechinamag.com/yangxiaolei/110684/message.aspx 情感人生Wed, 23 Jul 2008 22:10:25 GMThttp://blog.cechinamag.com/yangxiaolei/110683/message.aspx<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" align="center"><strong><span style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red">Multisim 2001 </span><strong><span style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">在电子电路设计中应用初探</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red"><o:p></o:p></span></strong></o:p></span></strong></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 一、引言</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"> <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">电子电路的设计一般要经过设计方案提出、方案验证和修改三个阶段，有时甚至需要经历多次反复。传统的手工设计电子电路，一般是根据经验和成熟的电路数据来预定电路参数，采用简化的电路和器件模型估算电路特性，通过搭建试验电路加以验证，这种方法费用高、效率低。随着计算机的发展，某些特殊类型的电路可以通过计算机来完成电路设计，用计算机仿真代替搭试验电路可以大大减轻方案验证阶段的工作量，并能保存仿真中产生的各种数据，为整机检测提供参考数据，还可保存大量的单元电路、元器件的模型参数，采用仿真软件能满足整个产品设计及验证过程的自动化。完成电路设计后，可生成工程制造所需的各种数据和报表文件。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"> <br></span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 二、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">Multisim 2001 </span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">软件简介</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">电子仿真属于电子设计自动化的组成部分，一般地把电子仿真分为三个层次：物理级、电路级和系统级。本文介绍的是电路级仿真，电路级仿真必须有元器件模型库的支持，仿真信号和输出的波形代替了实际电路调试中的信号源和示波器，通过仿真分析，主要是检验设计方案在功能方面的正确性。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Multisim 2001</span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">提供有</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">16000</span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">多个高品质的模拟、数字元器件和</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">RF</span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">组件模型，除此之外，用户还可以自行编辑和设计相应的元器件。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">Multisim 2001 </span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">不仅提供了电路的多种仿真分析方法，如直流扫描分析，参数扫描分析，交流频率特性分析，瞬态分析，傅立叶分析，后处理器功能等等，而且也提供了两个仪表和多台仪器，仪表有：直流电压表，直流电流表；常用的仪器有：数字万用表，函数信号发生器，功率表，示波器，扫频仪，数字信号发生器，逻辑分析仪和逻辑转换仪。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><br></span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 三、</span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">电路仿真设计应用</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><br></span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; （一）场效应管输出特性曲线测试</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">在电路设计中，通常希望能得到晶体管、场效应管的输出特性曲线，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">Multisim 2001 </span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">提供了很多型号的晶体管和场效应管，可以根据需要选用不同型号的管子进行测试。现以</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">N</span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">沟道增强型绝缘栅场效应管为例，介绍应用</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">Multisim 2001 </span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">仿真软件来测试场效应管的输出特性曲线。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">利用</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">Multisim 2001 </span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">仿真分析法中的直流扫描法，可以完成对场效应管输出特性曲线的测试。直流扫描分析法的原理是：在场效应管的测试电路中，选定一个</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">U </span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">，然后扫描</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">U </span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">的变化对漏极电流的影响，得到该</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">U </span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">作用下</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">I </span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">与</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">U </span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">的变化曲线（一根），依次选定不同的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">U </span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">，得到</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">U </span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">变化对</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">I </span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">与</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">U </span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">的变化曲线（一簇）。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><br></span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; （</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">1</span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">）</span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">启动</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">Multisim 2001 </span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">，在电路窗口中创建测试电路，如图</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">1</span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">所示。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><br></span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; （</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">2</span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">）</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">Simulate </span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">菜单中</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">Analyses </span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">下的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">DC&nbsp; Sweep&nbsp; Analyses </span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">命令，打开</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">DC&nbsp; Sweep&nbsp; Analyses </span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">对话框。该对话框中有</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">2</span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">个可供扫描的参变量</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">Source1, Source2</span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">选择</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">Source1 </span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">vv1</span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">vv1</span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">表示漏极和源极之间的电压，即</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"> U </span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">，在特性曲线中以此作为坐标横轴。设置</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">vv1</span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">State value </span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">0V</span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">Stop value</span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">16V</span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">，增量</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">Increment</span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">0.01V</span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">（该值越小，显示的曲线越平滑）。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">选择</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">Source2 </span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"> vv2, vv2</span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">表示</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"> U </span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">（栅极与源级之间的电压），设置</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">vv2</span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">State value</span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">4V</span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">Stop value</span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">6V</span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">，增量</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"> Increment</span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">0.5V</span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">（该值越小，显示的曲线越密）。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">取</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">vvce #branch</span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">作为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">output variables</span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">vvce #branch</span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">是流过电压源</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">vv1</span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">的电流，方向为从</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"> vv1</span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">正极流进，负极流出，即漏极电流</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">-I</span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">，负号表示流过漏极的电流与我们习惯上对</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">N</span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">沟道场效应管</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">I </span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">的正方向相反。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">3</span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">）</span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">点击对话框上的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">Simulate</span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">，得到如图</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">2</span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">所示的曲线。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">图</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">2</span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">所示测试曲线与习惯表示法不同，为此，利用</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">Multisim 2001 </span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">的后处理功能，将测试曲线进行简单的数学运算，将下图中的曲线变换成习惯表示法（以</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">I </span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">表示纵坐标）。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><br></span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">&nbsp;&nbsp; （</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">4</span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">）</span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">启动</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">Simulate</span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">菜单中的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">Postprocess</span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">命令，在出现的对话框中进行如下设置：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">①分别点击</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">New Page</span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">和</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">New Graph</span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">按钮，建立新页“场效应管输出特性曲线”和新曲线图。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">②</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">选择</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">Analyses Results</span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">栏内的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">DC transfer characteristic(dc02)</span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">，然后选中</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">Available Variables</span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">栏中的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">vvce #branch</span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">变量，点击</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"> copy variable to trace</span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">按钮，输入“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">-</span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">”号，点击</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">Add trace </span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">按钮，这样，一根</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">-dc02.vvce #branch </span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">出现在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">trace to plot</span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">下部的栏中。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">③重复上述步骤，直至</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">-dc05.vvce #branch</span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">这是一簇曲线，后处理器每次只能处理一根曲线。很重要的是要设置“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">default</span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">”项为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">dc01.vvce #branch </span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">④点击</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">draw</span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">按钮，即可得到常见形式的输出特性曲线，如图</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">3</span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">所示。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">至此获得了完整的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">N</span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">沟道增强型场效应管输出特性曲线。如果想改变</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">U </span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">或</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">U </span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">的大小，只需在直流扫描法的对话框中改变参数值即可。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><br></span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; （二）功放音调电路设计与测试</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">&nbsp;(1)</span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">根据要求，设计的音调电路如下图</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">4</span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">将函数信号发生器、示波器、扫频仪等仪器接入电路后，如图</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">5</span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">所示，将示波器输入和输出端的导线设置为不同颜色，以便区别波形。</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"></span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; （</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">2</span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">）进行仿真操作</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">①设置函数信号发生器的输出频率为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">1kHz</span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">，信号幅度为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">100mV</span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">的正弦波。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">②单击仿真操作开关，开始仿真试验。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">③双击示波器图标，在示波器面板上设置好各控制端的参数后，面板显示如图</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">6 </span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">所示的波形。在面板上读取输入、输出信号的峰峰值及频率。拖动数据指针</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">1</span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">2</span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">分别到波峰和波谷，这样可以从</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">VA2-VA1</span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">中读出峰峰值为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">113.9</span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">μＶ，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">VB2-VB1</span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">中读出峰峰值为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">-98.1 mV</span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">，从</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">T2-T1</span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">中可以读出半周期为５００μＳ。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">④双击扫频仪图标，在扫频仪面板上设置好各控制端的参数后，屏幕显示的波形如图</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">7</span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">所示。该幅频特性曲线分别在高音提升，高音衰减，低音提升，低音衰减情况下的波形变化。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><br></span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 四、结语</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">上述通过场效应管输出特性曲线的仿真测试和功放音调电路的仿真设计与分析，重点介绍了直流扫描法和后处理器的应用，常用仪器的使用。虽然电路仿真可以在很大程度上模拟真实电路，但不能完全取代对最终电路的实物测试，使用电路仿真软件并不是要取消仪器，而是在制成实际的工程样品前就能保证电路有大致正确的参数属性，从而减少设计中不必要的弯路。本人认为：在电路设计中应用仿真软件，可以缩短电路的设计周期，提高电路设计效率。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">(2004</span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">3</span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">期电子制作杂志</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">)</span></p>http://blog.cechinamag.com/yangxiaolei/110683/message.aspx 电机传动